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Surficial stability analysis of soil slope under seepage based on a novel failure mode

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 712-726 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0729-5

摘要： Normally, the edge effects of surficial landslides are not considered in the infinite slope method for surficial stability analysis of soil slopes. In this study, the limit stress state and discrimination equation of an infinite slope under saturated seepage flow were analyzed based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. Therefore, a novel failure mode involving three sliding zones (upper tension zone, middle shear sliding zone, and lower compression zone) was proposed. Accordingly, based on the limit equilibrium analysis, a semi-analytical framework considering the edge effect for the surficial stability of a soil slope under downslope seepage was established. Subsequently, the new failure mode was verified via a numerical finite element analysis based on the reduced strength theory with ABAQUS and some simplified methods using SLIDE software. The results obtained by the new failure mode agree well with those obtained by the numerical analysis and traditional simplified methods, and can be efficiently used to assess the surficial stability of soil slopes under rainwater seepage. Finally, an evaluation of the infinite slope method was performed using the semi-analytical method proposed in this study. The results show that the infinite slope tends to be conservative because the edge effect is neglected, particularly when the ratio of surficial slope length to depth is relatively small.

关键词： soil slope     seepage     surficial failure mode     stress state     edge effects    

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Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study

Mohammad Abubakar NAVEED, Zulfiqar ALI, Abdul QADIR, Umar Naveed LATIF, Saad HAMID, Umar SARWAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 501-517 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0610-y

摘要： Qila Bala Hisar is one of the noteworthy places of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The fort was constructed on a filled ground during the 18th century and it was renovated several times by the occupants ever since. Recently, due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.3, the upper part of the south-western wall of the fort collapsed. The collapse of the wall was attributed to the failure of the retained slope. This research was undertaken to characterize the slope material, study causal factors of failure and evaluate remedial strategy. The investigation involved conventional field and laboratory testing and geophysical investigation using electrical resistivity technique to evaluate the nature of stratum. Also, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the slope material at a molecular level to evaluate the existence of swelling potential. The analysis has shown that excessive seepage of water caused by the poor maintenance of runoff and sewage drains is the causal factor triggered by the seismic event. A remedial strategy involving soil nails, micro piles and improvement of the surface drainage is recommended.

关键词： forensic geotechnical investigation     slope failure     slope analysis     finite element method     numerical analysis     seismic loading     Qila Bala Hisar    

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Evaluation of potential failure of rock slope at the left abutment of Jinsha River Bridge by model test

Zhiming ZHAO, Xihua WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 332-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0206-x

摘要： Jinsha River Bridge is located on Tiger Leaping Gorge town, China. The left bank slope composes of moderately thick layer of slate overlain by schistose basalt, and where rocks are controlled by two sets of joint planes. To evaluate the stability of the rock slope under bridge foundation, model test and calculation model based on the geological parameters and the slope stability was simulated and analyzed using Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) and Finite Element Mehod (FEM). According to model test, failure mainly initiated at the toe with shear movement along the joint planes, eventually resulting in the sliding along the slope surface and formation of tension crack at the crest of the model. This result coincide with the UDEC model, which shows that slope surface will produce loosening damage and slipping expected along the joint planes under different loading conditions. Moreover, the result of FEM analysis indicates that the rock mass under the main pier has potential shear failure region. So, the bridge foundation should be strengthened to prevent the slope failure under external forces.

关键词： slope stability     strength properties     model test     numerical analysis    

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LSSVM-based approach for refining soil failure criteria and calculating safety factor of slopes

Shiguo XIAO; Shaohong LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期   页码 871-881 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0863-8

摘要： The failure criteria of practical soil mass are very complex, and have significant influence on the safety factor of slope stability. The Coulomb strength criterion and the power-law failure criterion are classically simplified. Each one has limited applicability owing to the noticeable difference between calculated predictions and actual results in some cases. In the work reported here, an analysis method based on the least square support vector machine (LSSVM), a machine learning model, is purposefully provided to establish a complex nonlinear failure criterion via iteration computation based on strength test data of the soil, which is of more extensive applicability to many problems of slope stability. In particular, three evaluation indexes including coefficient of determination, mean absolute percentage error, and mean square error indicate that fitting precision of the machine learning-based failure criterion is better than those of the linear Coulomb criterion and nonlinear power-law criterion. Based on the proposed LSSVM approach to determine the failure criterion, the limit equilibrium method can be used to calculate the safety factor of three-dimensional slope stability. Analysis of results of the safety factor of two three-dimensional homogeneous slopes shows that the maximum relative errors between the proposed approach and the linear failure criterion-based method and the power-law failure criterion-based method are about 12% and 7%, respectively.

关键词： slope stability     safety factor     failure criterion     least square support vector machine    

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Experimental study on the progressive failure and its anchoring effect of weak-broken rock vertical slope

Hehua ZHU, Qianwei XU, Wenqi DING, Feng HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 208-224 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0111-0

摘要： To improve the understanding on the failure behavior and its anchoring effect of weak-broken rock slope, the rock of grade IV according to China is taken as reference prototype, and a series of model tests were carried out in laboratory. These tests can be divided into two categories, that is, with bolt reinforcement and without bolt reinforcement. In which, the stability of slope reinforced with different bolt diameter, different anchor length and different space are studied. The test results show that the collapse of slope is the combination of tension failure at the top and the compression-shearing failure at the bottom of the slope, and its failure process presents progressive characteristics. The contributions of bolt reinforcement are mainly reflected by the aspects of shear resistance, crack resistance and anti-extension. The reinforcement of blot not only can improve the vertical bearing capacity before failure, but also can reduce the vertical settlement and allow greater lateral rock wall deformation; what is more, the stress concentration degree in rock mass can be dispersed, which do help to improve the stability of slope rock mass.

关键词： progressive failure     weak-broken rock     slope     model test     bolt    

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Total stress rapid drawdown analysis of the Pilarcitos Dam failure using the finite element method

Daniel R. VANDENBERGE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 115-123 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0249-7

摘要： Rapid drawdown is a critical design condition for the upstream or riverside slope of earth dams and levees. A new total stress rapid drawdown method based on finite element analysis is used to analyze the rapid drawdown failure that occurred at Pilarcitos Dam in 1969. Effective consolidation stresses in the slope prior to drawdown are determined using linear elastic finite element analysis. Undrained strengths from isotropically consolidated undrained (ICU) triaxial compression tests are related directly to the calculated consolidation stresses and assigned to the elements in the model by interpolation. Two different interpretations of the undrained strength envelope are examined. Strength reduction finite element analyses are used to evaluate stability of the dam. Back analysis suggests that undrained strengths from ICU tests must be reduced by 30% for use with this rapid drawdown method. The failure mechanism predicted for Pilarcitos Dam is sensitive to the relationship between undrained strength and consolidation stress.

关键词： rapid drawdown     finite element     total stress     slope stability    

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Bioengineering protection mechanism of city rock slope and its laboratory test

Desong JIANG, Minghua ZHAO, Chong JIANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 414-421 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0055-9

摘要： Based on the features of rock slope bioengineering protection, the ecology protection mechanism of the urban rock slope was discussed with the mechanics effect of plants and rock slope, and the reinforcement action mechanism of rock slope by plant root system was analyzed as well. Then, the corresponding mechanical model was proposed, from which the formula to calculate the increased shearing strength of the root system-earth compound body was derived. Moreover, the side slope rainfall interception, the runoff lagging, the soil antiseepage, and the soil layer consolidating effect were studied, respectively. Furthermore, the indoor model experiment of urban crag rock slope ecology protection was designed and completed, in which various grasses to plant in slope with different angles, solid earth forms, and the different strengthening earth mechanism were studied. Finally, the present method was applied in an engineering project, from which the antiwashing behavior of three kind of grasses (i.e., the Bahiagrass, the tall fescue, and the Bermudagrass) planted in the slope with an angle of 38°, 48°, and 58°, respectively, and different strengthening structures (i.e., the diamond wire netting, the geocell and the three-dimensional network) were obtained. The application results also show that the effect of geocell structure is the best one followed by the three-dimensional net and the diamond wire net. The antiwashing capability per unit area has a critical slope angle of about 25°. The reinforcing effect of Bermudagrass is better than the Bahiagrass and tall fescue.

关键词： indoor     engineering project     protection mechanism     different     runoff lagging    

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Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 44-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0138-x

摘要： Ground motion intensity measures are usually used to predict the earthquake-induced displacements in earth dams, soil slopes and soil structures. In this study, the efficiency of various single ground motion intensity measures (scalar ) or a combination of them (vector ) are investigated using the PEER-NGA strong motion database and an equivalent-linear sliding-mass model. Although no single intensity measure is efficient enough for all slope conditions, the spectral acceleration at 1.5 times of the initial slope period and Arias intensity of the input motion are found to be the most efficient scalar for flexible slopes and stiff slopes respectively. Vector can incorporate different characteristics of the ground motion and thus significantly improve the efficiency over a wide range of slope conditions. Among various vector considered, the spectral accelerations at multiple spectral periods achieve high efficiency for a wide range of slope conditions. This study provides useful guidance to the development of more efficient empirical prediction models as well as the ground motion selection criteria for time domain analysis of seismic slope displacements.

关键词： seismic slope displacements     intensity measures     empirical prediction    

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Integrated management of cardiac failure: the cardiac failure clinic

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 20-25 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0106-1

摘要：

The prevalence of the risk factors and the risk of cardiac failure are both increasing in China. This might be the consequence of the changes of the life conditions (emigration to the urban areas, changes in the diet and life style, lack of physical exercise, etc.). The wide range of clinical presentations of cardiac failure (acute or chronic) and of therapeutic approaches (medical or surgical) makes necessary the integration within the same structure of the various experts involved in the diagnosis and the treatment of cardiac diseases. Technologic and human resources required to offer all the options represent a multifaceted commitment which should be focused optimally in dedicated centers. In these centers, collaboration should replace competition between the medical and the surgical cardiac specialists. Development of team work should permit to optimize the cost efficacy of the treatments. Most of all, such a structure will facilitate the translation of innovative therapies between the research centers and clinical facilities.

关键词： cardiac failure     cardiac transplantation     mechanical circulatory support    

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Evaluation and prediction of slope stability using machine learning approaches

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 821-833 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0742-8

摘要： In this paper, the machine learning (ML) model is built for slope stability evaluation and meets the high precision and rapidity requirements in slope engineering. Different ML methods for the factor of safety (FOS) prediction are studied and compared hoping to make the best use of the large variety of existing statistical and ML regression methods collected. The data set of this study includes six characteristics, namely unit weight, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height, and pore water pressure ratio. The whole ML model is primarily divided into data preprocessing, outlier processing, and model evaluation. In the data preprocessing, the duplicated data are first removed, then the outliers are filtered by the LocalOutlierFactor method and finally, the data are standardized. 11 ML methods are evaluated for their ability to learn the FOS based on different input parameter combinations. By analyzing the evaluation indicators R 2, MAE, and MSE of these methods, SVM, GBR, and Bagging are considered to be the best regression methods. The performance and reliability of the nonlinear regression method are slightly better than that of the linear regression method. Also, the SVM-poly method is used to analyze the susceptibility of slope parameters.

关键词： slope stability     factor of safety     regression     machine learning     repeated cross-validation    

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砂质边坡安全保障新技术研究

牛笑笛,杨广庆,刘伟超

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第6期   页码 86-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.013

摘要：

砂质边坡稳定性差，常规防护措施的防护效果较差。为了有效地对砂质边坡进行防护，笔者研制了一种新型固砂剂——TD–1。为了验证TD–1的固砂效果，笔者进行了配比优化试验、渗透试验、干湿循环试验和现场试验。试验结果表明：在磷酸硅、硅酸锂、硅溶胶掺入比例相同的条件下，固砂试样的强度随钾水玻璃模数的增加而增大；钾水玻璃的最佳添加量为固化砂质量的3%；加入改性剂的试样，强度有明显的增长；使用低模数钾水玻璃的试样，渗透能力相对更好；随着干湿循环次数的增加，试样的强度逐渐下降，经过3次循环之后，试样的强度基本趋于稳定。TD–1固砂剂还可与客土喷播技术结合使用，进行边坡绿化防护，固化产物有利于植物生长。

关键词： 砂质边坡     固砂剂     室内试验     现场试验    

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Optimal CNN-based semantic segmentation model of cutting slope images

Mansheng LIN; Shuai TENG; Gongfa CHEN; Jianbing LV; Zhongyu HAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 414-433 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0797-6

摘要： This paper utilizes three popular semantic segmentation networks, specifically DeepLab v3+, fully convolutional network (FCN), and U-Net to qualitively analyze and identify the key components of cutting slope images in complex scenes and achieve rapid image-based slope detection. The elements of cutting slope images are divided into 7 categories. In order to determine the best algorithm for pixel level classification of cutting slope images, the networks are compared from three aspects: a) different neural networks, b) different feature extractors, and c) 2 different optimization algorithms. It is found that DeepLab v3+ with Resnet18 and Sgdm performs best, FCN 32s with Sgdm takes the second, and U-Net with Adam ranks third. This paper also analyzes the segmentation strategies of the three networks in terms of feature map visualization. Results show that the contour generated by DeepLab v3+ (combined with Resnet18 and Sgdm) is closest to the ground truth, while the resulting contour of U-Net (combined with Adam) is closest to the input images.

关键词： slope damage     image recognition     semantic segmentation     feature map     visualizations    

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On the seismic stability analysis of reinforced rock slope and optimization of prestressed cables

Wenbo ZHENG, Xiaoying ZHUANG, Yongchang CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 132-146 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0152-z

摘要： The evaluation of the seismic stability of high rock slopes is of vital importance to ensure the safe operation of the hydropower stations. In this paper, an equivalent pseudo-static force analysis based on the finite element method is developed to evaluate the seismic stability of reinforced rock slopes where the prestressed cables are modeled by the bar elements applied with nodal forces and bounded only at the anchored parts. The method is applied to analyze a high rock slope in south-west China and the optimization of cables. The stabilization effects of prestressed cables on the seismic stability of the slope are studied, the simulations of the concrete heading are discussed and the potential failure modes of the shear concrete plug are compared. Based on this, the optimization of cables is studied including the anchor spacing and inclined angles.

关键词： high rock slope     reinforced system     optimization     prestressed cable     seismicity    

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Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 623-642 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0726-8

摘要： In this study, gradual and sudden reduction methods were combined to simulate a progressive failure in notched composite plates using a macro mechanics approach. Using the presented method, a progressive failure is simulated based on a linear softening law prior to a catastrophic failure, and thereafter, sudden reduction methods are employed for modeling a progressive failure. This combination method significantly reduces the computational cost and is also capable of simultaneously predicting the first and last ply failures (LPFs) in composite plates. The proposed method is intended to predict the first ply failure (FPF), LPF, and dominant failure modes of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy notched composite plates. In addition, the effects of mechanical properties and different stacking sequences on the propagation of damage in notched composite plates were studied. The results of the presented method were compared with experimental data previously reported in the literature. By comparing the numerical and experimental data, it is revealed that the proposed method can accurately simulate the failure propagation in notched composite plates at a low computational cost.

关键词： progressive failure     notched composite plate     Hashin failure criterion     macro mechanics approach     finite element method    

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Stability analysis of a high loess slope reinforced by the combination system of soil nails and stabilization

Jiu-jiang WU,Qian-gong CHENG,Xin LIANG,Jian-Lei CAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 252-259 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0260-z

摘要： While the soil nails and the corresponding compound technology are widely used as the support techniques for deep foundation pit and normal slopes, few related engineering cases are found for high loess slopes. By utilizing the finite element software of PLAXIS 8.5, the behavior of a high loess slope reinforced by the combination of soil nails and stabilization piles (hereinafter for CSNSP) is studied in this paper. It can be found that the potential slide surface of the slope moves to deeper locations during the process of the multi-staged excavations. The measure of reducing the weight of the top of the slope is a positive factor to the stability of the loess slope, while the rainfall is a negative factor. The slope can’t be stable if it’s reinforced only by stabilization piles or soil nails during the process of the multi-staged excavations. The soil nail contributes greater to the overall system stability when the excavation depth is relatively shallow, while the stabilization pile takes it over when the excavation depth reaches a large value. Compared to the results from the Sweden circular slip surface, the data derived from the method of phi/c reduction is relatively large when the slope is unreinforced or reinforced only by stabilization pile, and the data turns to be small when the slope is strengthened by soil nails or the combination system of soil nails and stabilization piles.

关键词： high loess slope     CSNSP     PLAXIS     phi/c strength reduction method     Sweden circular slip surface    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Surficial stability analysis of soil slope under seepage based on a novel failure mode

期刊论文

Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study

Mohammad Abubakar NAVEED, Zulfiqar ALI, Abdul QADIR, Umar Naveed LATIF, Saad HAMID, Umar SARWAR

期刊论文

Evaluation of potential failure of rock slope at the left abutment of Jinsha River Bridge by model test

Zhiming ZHAO, Xihua WANG

期刊论文

LSSVM-based approach for refining soil failure criteria and calculating safety factor of slopes

Shiguo XIAO; Shaohong LI

期刊论文

Experimental study on the progressive failure and its anchoring effect of weak-broken rock vertical slope

Hehua ZHU, Qianwei XU, Wenqi DING, Feng HUANG

期刊论文

Total stress rapid drawdown analysis of the Pilarcitos Dam failure using the finite element method

Daniel R. VANDENBERGE

期刊论文

Bioengineering protection mechanism of city rock slope and its laboratory test

Desong JIANG, Minghua ZHAO, Chong JIANG,

期刊论文

Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

期刊论文

Integrated management of cardiac failure: the cardiac failure clinic

null

期刊论文

Evaluation and prediction of slope stability using machine learning approaches

期刊论文

砂质边坡安全保障新技术研究

牛笑笛,杨广庆,刘伟超

期刊论文

Optimal CNN-based semantic segmentation model of cutting slope images

Mansheng LIN; Shuai TENG; Gongfa CHEN; Jianbing LV; Zhongyu HAO

期刊论文

On the seismic stability analysis of reinforced rock slope and optimization of prestressed cables

Wenbo ZHENG, Xiaoying ZHUANG, Yongchang CAI

期刊论文

Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

期刊论文

Stability analysis of a high loess slope reinforced by the combination system of soil nails and stabilization

Jiu-jiang WU,Qian-gong CHENG,Xin LIANG,Jian-Lei CAO

期刊论文